On Efficiency of Selected Machine Learning Algorithms for Intrusion Detection in Software Defined Networks

We propose a concept of using Software Defined Network (SDN) technology and machine learning algorithms for monitoring and detection of malicious activities in the SDN data plane. The statistics and features of network traffic are generated by the native mechanisms of SDN technology. In order to conduct tests and a verification of the concept, it was necessary to obtain a set of network workload test data. We present virtual environment which enables generation of the SDN network traffic. The article examines the efficiency of selected  machine learning methods: Self Organizing Maps and Learning Vector Quantization and their enhanced versions. The results are compared with other SDN-based IDS

The idea of enhancing directional energy radiation by a phased antenna array in UHF RFID system

The interrogation zone IZ is the most important parameter when RFID systems are considered. Its predictability is determined by the construction and parameters of antenna built in a read/write device. The IZ should be of sufficient size and appropriate to requirements established for an application of object automated identification. The method of shaping an antenna radiation pattern provides effective yet unconventional opportunities in this area. The idea and practical solution of the phased antenna array dedicated to UHF read/write devices are presented in the paper. On the basis of tests carried out, the authors pointed out the possibility of using developed devices for the synthesis of a determined IZ in anti-collision RFID system

Hybrid Material Based on the Lindquist Polyoxometalate [W6O19]2− and the organosulfur donor o-Me2TTF: A Combined Structural and Spectroscopic Study

International audienceThe synthesis, crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of the hybrid radical cation salt containing oxidized o-3,4-dimethyltetrathiafulvalene (o-Me2TTF) and the Lindquist polyoxometalate anion [W6O19]2− are reported. The title salt represents the first time a Lindquist polyoxometalate has been utilized as the counter anion with this unsymmetrical member of the TTF family of derivatives. The salt crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯ with a = 7.6211(7) Å, b = 9.5231(9) Å, c = 12.2148(11) Å, α = 105.5870(10)°, β = 106.8340(10)° and γ = 95.6950(10)°. Resolution of the solid state structure revealed that the o-Me2TTF radical cations aggregate as isolated face-to-face dimers with intradimer interactions between neighboring sulfur atoms at distances <3.6 Å. Hydrogen bonding was also observed between hydrogen atoms bound to sp 2-hybridized carbon atoms of o-Me2TTF and bridging oxygen atoms of [W6O19]2−. Single crystal IR and Raman spectra were also collected and provide further evidence that the o-Me2TTF donors have been oxidized to their corresponding radical cationic states

Intrusion Detection in Software De ned Networks with Self-organized Maps, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2015, nr 4

The Software Defined Network (SDN) architecture provides new opportunities to implement security mechanisms in terms of unauthorized activities detection. At the same time, there are certain risks associated with this technology. The presented approach covers a conception of the measurement method, virtual testbed and classification mechanism for SDNs. The paper presents a measurement method which allows collecting network traffic flow parameters, generated by a virtual SDN environment. The collected dataset can be used in machine learning methods to detect unauthorized activities

Electron-molecular vibration coupling in (DMtTTF)Br and (o-DMTTF)2[W6O19] salts studied by vibrational spectroscopy

International audienceA novel 1:1 salt encompassing radical cations of DMtTTF (DMtTTF = dimethyltrimethylene-tetrathiafulvalene) and the Br−anion has been synthesized. Close inspection of the salt's solid state structure revealed the presence of quasi-isolated dimers containing DMtTTF radical cations, a specific arrangement whereby the microscopic parameters of DMtTTFradical dot+ might be studied. Analysis of the corresponding single crystal IR and Raman spectra of (DMtTTF)Br allowed us to study the material's electronic and vibrational structure and to evaluate the electron-molecular coupling constants via the isolated dimer model. Additionally, using previously published IR data, analogous calculations were performed on the salt (o-DMTTF)2[W6O19] (o-DMTTF = o-3,4-dimethyltetrathiafulvalene), which also contains well isolated dimers of o-DMTTF radical cations. These calculations revealed that the coupling constants for the unsymmetrical donors studied herein are comparable to those for symmetric TTF derivatives

Factors influencing floods in the urbanized and industrialized areas of the Upper Silesia Industrial Region in the 19th and 20th centuries (the Kłodnica catchment case study)

The occurrence and pattern of floods in urban industrial areas depend on both the hydro-meteorological and physico-geographical properties of the catchment area and on the degree of anthropogenic transformation of land. The area selected for research is one of the largest urban mining-industrial districts in Europe, known as the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (USIR). Besides the ‘typical’ flood risk, which manifests itself in rivers overflowing their banks, this catchment is also threatened with floods that do not depend on meteorological factors but are caused by the formation of flood lands in areas transformed due to deep mining of hard coal. The pattern of floods in the catchment has also been influenced by changes in the forms of land use resulting from the growth of urbanized areas. Because of the increasing flood risk and the fact that it is impossible to build water storage reservoirs other possibilities of improving water retention capacity in the catchment have been indicated

Adherence to treatment – a pivotal issue in long-term treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases. An expert stand-point

The adherence to treatment is defined as the extent to which a person’s behaviour, including taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health-care provider. Non-adherence to medication may lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and costs to the healthcare system. Therefore, it is pivotal to know the patient’s true adherence to medication, understand the causes of low adherence, and take actions to improve adherence. The authors assumed that individual, complex health education started during hospitalisation and continued after discharge, explaining the pathophysiology and symptoms of the disease, elucidating goals and potential benefits of treatment, and highlighting the risk of premature termination of therapy, with use of additional methods helping patients to remember treatment schedule will enhance adherence to treatment. There is an urgent need to develop and test a dedicated procedure covering all these activities. Introduction. A substantial proportion of patients with cardiovascular diseases do not respond to the treatment sufficiently [1–3]. Several factors of poor response to medication should be taken into ac-count, including inadequate drug intake [4–6]. To systematise the phenomenon of following medical recommendations, the term “adherence” was proposed. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines “adherence” as “the extent to which a person’s behaviour, including taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a healthcare pro-vider” [7]. Adherence has been also defined as the “active, voluntary, and collaborative involvement of the patient in a mutually acceptable course of behaviour to produce a therapeutic result” [8]. Previously the term ‘compliance’ was widely used, particularly in negative concord as ‘non-compliance’. Nowadays ‘compliance’ is associated with a more pejorative connotation than ‘adherence’ because ‘non-compliance issues’ are mostly patient-oriented without a deeper view into the different set of factors, e.g. obstacles identified in the healthcare system. Thus, currently in scientific deliberations we usually prefer usage of the term ‘adherence’ [9].The adherence to treatment is defined as the extent to which a person’s behavior including taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health care provider. Non-adherence to medication may lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and costs to the healthcare system. Therefore it is pivotal to know the true patient's adherence to medication, understand the causes of low adherence and take actions to improve adherence. The authors assumed that the individual, complex health education started during hospitalization and continued after discharge, explaining the pathophysiology and symptoms of the disease, elucidating goals and potential benefits of treatment, highlighting the risk of premature termination of therapy, with use of additional methods helping patients to remember treatment schedule will enhance adherence to treatment. There is an urgent need to develop and test a dedicated procedure covering all of these activities

Usefulness of assessment of fractional flow reserve and coronary flow velocity reserve in determination of the significance of borderline stenoses in the anterior descending artery in patients with multivessel disease

Introduction. Assessment of the significance of borderline stenosis in the area of the anterior descending artery in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease is a challenge. Currently, ractional flow reserve (FFR) and coronary flow reverse (CFR) methods are available. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of fractional flow reverse (FFR) and CFR methods in the assessment of left anterior descending artery (LAD) borderline stenosis in patients with multivessel coronary disease (MVD) and isolated LAD stenosis. Material and methods. We examined 100 patients with suspected ischemic heart disease. The examination revealed MVD disease with borderline stenosis of the LAD in 23 patients. Significant changes were confirmed with FFR and CFR. Results. Abnormal FFR (82% vs. 22%; p &lt; 0.001) and abnormal CFR (32% vs. 12%; p = 0.029) were significantly more commonly observed in patients with MVD. The mean FFR (0.76 vs. 0.84; p &lt; 0.001), the mean CFR (2.13 vs. 2.31; p = 0.075). Positive CFR and FFR values were found in 7 MVD patients and in 3 patients with single-vessel lesions (32% vs. 4%; p &lt; 0.001). Negative CFR and positive FFR values were noted in 11 patients with MVD and 14 with lesions only in LAD (50% vs. 18%; p &lt; 0.001). Positive CFR and negative FFR 0 vs 6 patients (0% vs. 8%; p &lt; 0.001). Negative CFR and negative FFR were obtained in 4 patients from the MVD group and in 55 patients from the group of borderline stenosis only in LAD (18% vs. 71%; p &lt; 0.001). MACE was observed significantly more frequently in the MVD group than in the group of patients with borderline lesions only in LAD (47% vs. 6%; p = 0.004). Conclusions. Positive FFR and CFR results correlate with more frequent MACE episodes.Introduction. Assessment of the significance of borderline stenosis in the area of the anterior descending artery in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease is a challenge. Currently, ractional flow reserve (FFR) and coronary flow reverse (CFR) methods are available. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of fractional flow reverse (FFR) and CFR methods in the assessment of left anterior descending artery (LAD) borderline stenosis in patients with multivessel coronary disease (MVD) and isolated LAD stenosis. Material and methods. We examined 100 patients with suspected ischemic heart disease. The examination revealed MVD disease with borderline stenosis of the LAD in 23 patients. Significant changes were confirmed with FFR and CFR. Results. Abnormal FFR (82% vs. 22%; p < 0.001) and abnormal CFR (32% vs. 12%; p = 0.029) were significantly more commonly observed in patients with MVD. The mean FFR (0.76 vs. 0.84; p < 0.001), the mean CFR (2.13 vs. 2.31; p = 0.075). Positive CFR and FFR values were found in 7 MVD patients and in 3 patients with single-vessel lesions (32% vs. 4%; p < 0.001). Negative CFR and positive FFR values were noted in 11 patients with MVD and 14 with lesions only in LAD (50% vs. 18%; p < 0.001). Positive CFR and negative FFR 0 vs 6 patients (0% vs. 8%; p < 0.001). Negative CFR and negative FFR were obtained in 4 patients from the MVD group and in 55 patients from the group of borderline stenosis only in LAD (18% vs. 71%; p < 0.001). MACE was observed significantly more frequently in the MVD group than in the group of patients with borderline lesions only in LAD (47% vs. 6%; p = 0.004). Conclusions. Positive FFR and CFR results correlate with more frequent MACE episodes

Quality of life at 3 to 5 years after surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma – a pilot cross-sectional study

Introduction. The predicted distant health-related quality of life is one of the key elements in the long-term assessment of the effectiveness of therapy and a factor to be taken into account when deciding upon the choice of therapeutic options in modern cancer surgery. To assess the quality of life of patients having undergone surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of 44 (17 NR, 27 NSS) patients having received surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma at the Department of Urology of the University Hospital no. 2 in Bydgoszcz. The control group consisted of 24 subjects within a matching age range. The standardized WHOQOL BREF questionnaire was used as the study tool. Results. No statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) were observed with regard to the subjectively assessed quality of life depending on the type of surgery performed, i.e. RN vs. NSS. A positive correlation was observed between the higher scores within the Social (p = 0.0453) and Environmental (p=0.0156) domains and the laparoscopic approach. Lower scores within the somatic (p = 0.0023), environmental (p = 0.0189) and emotional (p = 0.0356) scale domains were observed in female patients. A statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between the cancer stage and the self-assessed overall health scores (p = 0.0025). Conclusions. Minimally invasive surgical techniques open up the potential for the achievement of better quality of life of patients after surgery. Clinical and demographic variables influence the long-term health-related quality of life scores

Soil sequences atlas. 2

TäistekstThis is the second book in the series of Soil Sequence Atlases. The first volume was published in 2014. Main pedogeographic features are presented in the form of sequences to give a comprehensive picture of soils - their genesis and correlations with the environment in typical landscapes of Central Europe from Estonia furthest north, through Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Czechia, Slovakia and Hungary to the southernmost Slovenia. Soils of natural landscapes - loess and sand (continental dunes) - are presented, as well as those of plains of various origin, karst lands, low mountains, and anthropically modified soils. Each chapter presents soil profiles supplemented by landscape information and basic analytical data. Then, genetic interpretations of soil properties related to soil forming agents are given as schematic catenas. When one factor changes while the others are more or less stable, the soil sequence can be recognised. Depending on the dominant soil-forming factor affecting repeated soil patterns, different types can be distinguished. Chapters are arranged roughly in accordance with the main soil-forming process in sequences, and referring to the WRB key (peat formation, vertic and gleyic process, podzolisation, humus accumulation, clay illuviation), with one small exception - the Technosols have been placed at the end of book. The main objective of this book is to present the diversity of relations between soil and landscape, climate, hydrology and human relations, and to present interpretations reflecting the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2015) classification with comments on the choice of qualifiers. Sixteen Reference Soil Groups are featured, and represented by 67 soil profiles. The secondary objective is pedological education. One of the aims of soil science education is to explain to students the relations between landscape and soil cover. The patterns of soil units within landscapes are to some extent predictable. The collected data is intended as a useful educational tool in teaching soil science, supporting understanding of the reasons for the variability of soil cover, and also as a WRB classification guideline. The Atlas was developed as part of the EU Erasmus+ FACES project (Freely Accessible Central European Soil). Marcin Šwitoniak, Przemyslaw Charzynsk